Athletes have to carry out high-intensity and systemic technical movements in training and competition. With the gradual expansion of the development of sports, the level of sports has been rapidly improved. This study proved the feasibility of an objective biomechanical assessment of the throwing kinematics and throwing performance of water-polo players, in ecological conditions. During the passing-spontaneous shot, players’ precision showed a tendency to increase after the training (score before: 9.0 score after: 11.0 score p-value = 0.05). During the passing-feint shot, a significant lower maximum velocity (before: 14.7 m/s after: 13.9 m/s p-value = 0.005) and a higher shoulder angle (before: 56.7° after: 63.9° p-value = 0.003) were observed. In addition, power and precision parameters were estimated to describe players’ throwing performance. In the experimental tests, three types of shots were performed, shoulder and elbow angles and throwing velocity were analyzed. Eleven female players were evaluated before and after 45 days of a specific water-polo training. The principal aim of the current study is the comparative analysis of throwing kinematics in three different types of shots.
Moreover, the biomechanical investigation of kinematic parameters during the shot can contribute to the evaluation of player’s throwing performance and to the description of gesture. Considering technical and tactical aspects, the power, the force, and the shot accuracy have been identified as important skills and specific training programs can be scheduled with the attempt to improve them.
Water-polo is an aquatic sport based on the high level of coordination of several body movements, frequent changes in positions, speeds, and directions.
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